ADHD: Symptoms, Screening & Treatment Options
ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) affects focus, organization, impulse control, and energy. It can appear in childhood or adulthood. ADHD is real and treatable, but only a licensed clinician can diagnose it.
Our website is for information only. We help you understand your options and prepare for conversations with licensed providers, but we do not diagnose, treat, or guarantee outcomes.
What Is ADHD?
ADHD is a pattern of attention, activity, and impulse symptoms that interfere with daily life at school, work, or home. It is not laziness or a character flaw. With the right plan, including skills, routines, and sometimes medication, many people improve their focus and functioning.
Common Signs of ADHD
Inattentive Signs
- Difficulty starting or finishing tasks
- Frequently losing items like keys, phones, or schoolwork
- Forgetting steps, deadlines, or appointments
- Mind drifting during reading, meetings, or conversations
Hyperactive or Impulsive Signs
- Restlessness or trouble sitting through class or meetings
- Interrupting others or blurting out answers
- Acting quickly without thinking through risks
- Feeling constantly active or more focused when moving
Not everyone shows all signs. Only a clinician can determine whether symptoms meet criteria for ADHD or reflect another concern.
ADHD vs. Everyday Busyness
ADHD involves ongoing functional impact. This may include declining school or work performance, repeated missed deadlines or bills, accidents, strained relationships, or ongoing emotional distress. When symptoms are persistent and disruptive, a clinical assessment can help.
ADHD and Co-Occurring Substance Use
Some people use alcohol or drugs to cope with stress, sleep problems, or focus. This can worsen symptoms and make ADHD harder to assess. Dual diagnosis care addresses mental health conditions and substance use together, focusing on safety, structure, and coping skills. If there is immediate risk, seek emergency services.
How ADHD Is Diagnosed
A licensed clinician will:
- Review symptoms across settings, such as home, school, work, and social life
- Ask when symptoms began and how they have changed
- Use standardized checklists from you and, with consent, others
- Rule out other causes like sleep problems, anxiety, depression, trauma, medical issues, or substance use
Diagnosis is based on the full clinical picture, not a single test.
Treatment Options
Care is tailored to your goals, safety, and daily demands. Many people benefit from using more than one approach, from therapy to medication support and more.
Skills and Therapy
- CBT for ADHD to plan tasks, break work into steps, and reduce all-or-nothing thinking
- Coaching and organizing tools like calendars, timers, and reminders
- DBT skills for emotion regulation and stress tolerance
- Sleep and routine support, including consistent schedules and regular movement
School and Work Support
- Extra time or quiet testing spaces, when available
- Clear written instructions and one task at a time
- Regular check-ins with teachers, supervisors, or mentors
- Use of planners, timers, and noise-reducing tools
Medication, When Appropriate
A prescriber may discuss stimulant or non-stimulant options. Medication is voluntary and personalized. Your clinician will review risks, benefits, and alternatives. Do not start, stop, or change medication without medical guidance.
Safety and Misuse Considerations
Take ADHD medication only as prescribed
Mixing medication with alcohol or other drugs increases risk
Store medication securely and never share prescriptions
If misuse is a concern, tell your clinician so care can be adjusted
ADHD With Anxiety, Depression, or Trauma
Other conditions often occur alongside ADHD and can worsen focus and fatigue. Common co-occurring disorders with ADHD include anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Integrated care treats all conditions together using therapy, skills, and medication when appropriate. This approach often improves both mood and attention.
Telehealth and ADHD Care
Many evaluations and follow-up visits can be done via secure online video sessions. Some testing or vital checks may require in-person visits. Availability varies by location.
Getting Ready for Your Appointment
- Your top three goals, such as meeting deadlines or improving sleep
- A list of current medications, supplements, and allergies
- Past school or work reports, if available
- A rough timeline of symptoms
- Names of people who could complete brief checklists, with consent
- Insurance information and cost questions
For Parents and Caregivers
- Ask about school accommodations and family skills training
- Use visual routines like charts or color-coding
- Break chores and homework into short blocks with movement breaks
- Praise effort and small wins and keep rules simple and consistent
- Seek urgent help if behavior or safety concerns arise
For Adults
- Time-block your day and schedule breaks
- Use external supports like calendars, apps, and alarms
- Start with short focus periods to build momentum
- Limit notifications during focus time
- Keep daily essentials in one consistent spot at home
FAQs
Can ADHD be treated without medication?
Yes. Therapy, skills, routines, coaching, and supports help many people. Medication is optional and decided with a prescriber.
What if I also use alcohol or drugs?
Tell your clinician. Integrated care can address both safely. If opioids may be involved, ask about naloxone for overdose emergencies.
Is ADHD just a childhood issue?
No. Many adults live with ADHD and benefit from treatment at any age.
Will treatment change my personality?
Treatment supports your strengths and reduces obstacles. You remain yourself.
How long does treatment last?
Plans change over time. Some people need short-term support, while others benefit from ongoing structure and check-ins.
Helpful Resources
In Crisis? Get Immediate Help
If you are in danger or thinking of self-harm, call 911 (or your local emergency number). In the US, dial or text 988 for the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline.