Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT/MOUD)
Medication-assisted treatment (also called medications for opioid use disorder, or MOUD) combines FDA-approved medications with counseling and skills support. MAT can reduce cravings and withdrawal and help people stay engaged in care over time.
Who MAT May Help
MAT may help people who:
- Have strong cravings or severe withdrawal
- Have had repeated relapses
- Need extra stability to keep working, studying, or caregiving
- Have both substance use and mental health needs
- Want a structured, medical approach to support change
A clinician should review your health, goals, and home support to decide if MAT is right for you.
What MAT Is
MAT is a medical approach that pairs medication with:
- Therapy or counseling
- Safety planning
- Practical supports like relapse-prevention skills
For some alcohol and opioid use disorders, certain medications may lower risk and make recovery more manageable. A prescriber explains risks, benefits, and alternatives for your specific situation.
Medications Used in MAT
For Opioid Use Disorder
- Buprenorphine (with or without naloxone): May reduce cravings and withdrawal and help you feel more stable.
- Methadone: Taken daily in a highly structured program; may block withdrawal and reduce cravings.
- Naltrexone (pill or extended-release injection): An opioid blocker used after detox, when opioids are fully out of your system.
For Alcohol Use Disorder
- Naltrexone: May reduce heavy drinking and cravings.
- Acamprosate: May support abstinence after detox.
- Disulfiram: Creates an unpleasant reaction if alcohol is consumed; requires commitment, safety checks, and supervision.
Not every medication is right for every person. Your prescriber will help choose a safe option, if one fits.
How MAT Works Day to Day
A clinician reviews:
- Your substance use history
- Your medical and mental health history
- Current medications and allergies
- Your goals for work, school, and family life
If MAT is a fit, you’ll receive a medication plan plus therapy and skills support. Visits may be in person or by telehealth, depending on local rules and program design. Plans change over time based on progress, safety, and preference.
Starting, Monitoring, & Safety
Starting medication (induction) is supervised by a clinician. You can expect:
- Check-ins about side effects and cravings
- Possible lab tests or urine screens
- Adjustments to dose and schedule
- Coordination with therapy and other providers
Tell your prescriber about all medicines, supplements, and substances you use to avoid interactions. Do not change doses or stop suddenly without medical guidance.
Myths vs. Facts
- MYTH
MAT is “replacing one drug with another.”
- FACT
MAT is medical care that can stabilize the brain, lower harm, and support recovery.
- MYTH
MAT means you are “not really sober.”
- FACT
Many people use MAT as part of strong, long-term recovery.
- MYTH
You must take medication forever.
- FACT
Some people undergo it short term, others benefit from long-term MAT.
- MYTH
MAT will stop you from living your life.
- FACT
Many people work, study, and parent while on MAT. Plans are individualized.
- MYTH
MAT alone is enough.
- FACT
Medication works best with counseling, skills practice, and support.
Co-Occurring (Dual Diagnosis) Care
If you live with depression, anxiety, PTSD, or other mental health conditions, ask about integrated care. Treating substance use and mental health together can improve safety, stability, and quality of life.
Pregnancy and MAT
Specialized care is needed during pregnancy. Do not start, stop, or change medications without a clinician who treats pregnant patients. The care team will weigh benefits and risks for both you and the baby and plan follow-up after birth.
Side Effects & Risks
Each medication has its own side effects and risks. Your prescriber should:
- Explain what to watch for
- Review how to store medications safely
- Tell you when to call the office or seek urgent care
- Report new or severe symptoms right away.
Insurance & Costs
Coverage depends on your plan, network, and medical needs. Programs can check benefits, but your insurer makes the final decision. Ask about self-pay or payment plans if needed.
How to Choose a MAT Provider
- Check for state license and accreditation
- Ask about medical and psychiatric staff availability
- Review safety policies and detox support
- Confirm aftercare planning and insurance coverage
Choosing the right program means finding a safe, accredited place that meets your needs and supports long-term recovery. Take time to ask questions and compare options before deciding.
FAQs
How long will I need MAT?
It varies. Some people use medication for months, others for years. Decisions are made with your prescriber based on safety, goals, and progress.
Can I combine MAT with therapy?
Yes. Therapy and skills practice are core parts of MAT. Many people also join peer or community support groups.
Is detox required first?
It depends on the medication and your situation. For example, naltrexone for opioids usually requires full detox first. Buprenorphine or methadone are often started with clinical supervision even if you have not fully detoxed.
Can I switch medications later?
Sometimes. Changes should only be made with your prescriber’s guidance so they can plan a safe switch.
Will MAT show up on a drug test?
Program tests often check for prescribed medications and other substances. Be open with your care team so they can interpret results correctly.
Helpful Resources
In Crisis? Get Immediate Help
If you are in danger or thinking of self-harm, call 911 (or your local emergency number). In the US, dial or text 988 for the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline.